List the six weather elements: temperature, ____________________, _____________________, _______________________, ______________________, _______________________
____________________ are lines connecting points of equal temperature on a map.
Length, __________________, and __________________ are the fundamental measurement units that can be algebraically combined to make other physical units, such as force and energy.
Scientists prefer to use the ________________ temperature scale because there are no negative (less than zero) values, which is good because we do not have “negative” energy.
The atmospheric gas with the highest concentration, mainly because it is unreactive with most other gases, is ______________________.
The concentration of __________________________________ varies with the seasons because of the variation of the rate of green plant photosynthesis reactions.
The bottommost layer of the atmosphere, the ___________________________, is where weather occurs and where people live.
On the Celsius temperature scale, __________ is the freezing point of water, __________ is the boiling point of water, and _________ is equal to 68°F, which is a typical ambient room temperature.
The three most abundant gases in the Earth’s atmosphere that do NOT vary much over long periods of time are nitrogen, oxygen, and __________________.
Between the troposphere and the stratosphere lies the _____________________, which serves as a zone of transition between the different temperature trends observed in these two major atmospheric layers.
Electromagnetic radiation is ___________________ by an object, which cools it since it is losing energy to the radiation, and is ____________________ by another object, which heats it since the radiation energy becomes part of this second object.
As a blackbody’s temperature increases, the dominant wavelength of its emission ____________________.
Two principles concerning the radiation emitted by objects known as blackbodies: as the object warms up (or as temperature goes up), the amount of radiation emitted by the object goes ____________ and the wavelength at which the object emits the most radiation goes _____________.
The average albedo of the Earth-atmosphere system is ________%.
In the global energy balance, most of the energy transferred between the atmosphere and the ground is in the form of ______________________________________________. A small but significant amount of energy is transferred as ______________________ and _____________________ heat. This is where conduction, convection, evaporation, and condensation are important physical processes.
The daily range of temperature is the difference between the ___________________ and ____________________ temperatures during one day. This value becomes smaller when strong, gusty winds are present. ___________________ will also help reduce the daily range of temperature.
During the June Solstice, the Sun is shining directly over the __________________ of ___________________ [a specific latitude circle] and the length of the daylight hours in most locations in the Northern Hemisphere will have reached a __________________ value.
Most thermometers need to be in contact with whatever they are measuring the temperature of. The __________________________, however, can measure temperature at a distance. It is commonly used to measure the temperature of planets from spacecraft, and body temperature by scanning the eardrum.
________________________ is the process by which ice transforms directly to water vapor (analogous to evaporation), leading to _____________________ of latent heat. [second blank, NOT “transfer” or “transport”]