submitted



• Jacobson, A. J., S. E. Mikaloff-Fletcher, N. Gruber, J. L. Sarmiento, M. Gloor, and TransCom modelers, A joint atmosphere-ocean inversion for surface fluxes of carbon dioxide, I. Methods, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, submitted.
  
  
• Jacobson, A. J., S. E. Mikaloff-Fletcher, N. Gruber, J. L. Sarmiento, M. Gloor, and TransCom modelers, A joint atmosphere-ocean inversion for surface fluxes of carbon dioxide, II. Results, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, submitted.
  
  
• Sarmiento, J.L., J. Simeon, A. Gnanadesikan, N. Gruber, R. M. Key, and R. Schlitzer, Deep-ocean biogeochemistry of silicic acid and nitrate, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, submitted.
  
  
• Mikaloff-Fletcher, S.E., N. Gruber, A. R. Jacobson, M. Gloor, S. C. Doney, S. Dutkiewicz, M. Gerber, M. Follows, F. Joos, K. Lindsay, D. Menemenlis, A. Mouchet, S. A. Mueller, and J. L. Sarmiento, Inverse estimates of pre-industrial air-sea fluxes of CO2 and their implied ocean carbon transport, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, submitted.
  
  
• Gruber, N., M. Gloor, S. E. Mikaloff-Fletcher, S. Dutkiewicz, M. Follows, S. C. Doney, M. Gerber, A. R. Jacobson, K. Lindsay, D. Menemenlis, A. Mouchet, S. A. Mueller, J. L. Sarmiento, and T. Takahashi, Oceanic sources and sinks for atmospheric CO2, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, submitted.
  [pdf file]
  
  

in press

• Johnson, G. C. and N. Gruber, Decadal Water Mass Variations Along 20°W in the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean, Progress in Oceanography, in press.
  
  
• N.Y. Krakauer, J.T. Randerson, F.W. Primeau, N. Gruber, D. Menemenlis, Carbon isotope evidence for the latitudinal distribution and wind speed dependence of the air-sea gas transfer velocity, Tellus, in press.
  [pdf file]
  
  
• Gruber, N., The marine nitrogen cycle: Overview of distributions and processes. In: Nitrogen in the marine environment, 2nd edition, edited by D. G. Capone, D. A. Bronk, M. R. Mulholland, and E. J. Carpenter, in press.
  
  
• Deutsch, C., J. L. Sarmiento, D. M. Sigman, N. Gruber, and J. P. Dunne, Oceanic N2 fixation diagnosed from nutrient distributions, Nature, in press.
  
  
  

2006

• Battle, M., S.E. Mikaloff-Fletcher, M. Bender, R. F. Keeling, N. Gruber, P. P. Tans, M. B. Hendricks, D. T. Ho, C. Simonds, and R. Mika, Atmospheric potential oxygen: New observations and their implications for some atmospheric and oceanic models, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 20, GB1010, doi:10.1029/2005GB002534, 2006.
  [pdf file]
  
  
• Mikaloff-Fletcher, S.E., N. Gruber, A. R. Jacobson, S. C. Doney, S. Dutkiewicz, M. Gerber, M. Follows, F. Joos, K. Lindsay, D. Menemenlis, A. Mouchet, S.A. Mueller, and J. L. Sarmiento, Inverse estimates of anthropogenic CO₂ uptake, transport, and storage by the ocean, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 20, GB2002, doi:10.1029/2005GB002530, 2006.
  [pdf file]
  
  
• Jin, X., N. Gruber, J. Dunne, R. A. Armstrong, and J. L. Sarmiento, Diagnosing CaCO3 and opal export and phytoplankton functional groups from global nutrient and alkalinity distributions, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 20, GB2015, doi:10.1029/2005GB002532, 2006.
  [pdf file] [supplemental material]
  
  
• Brix, H., N. Gruber, D. M. Karl, and N. R. Bates, On the relationships between primary, net community, and export production in subtropical gyres, Deep-Sea Research II, 53, 698-717, 2006.
  [pdf file]
  
  
• Gruber, N., H. Frenzel, S. C. Doney, P. Marchesiello, J. C. McWilliams, J. R. Moisan, J. Oram, G. K. Plattner, and K. D. Stolzenbach, Simulation of Plankton Ecosystem Dynamics and Upper Ocean Biogeochemistry in the California Current System: Part I: Model description, evaluation, and ecosystem structure, Deep-Sea Research, published.
  [pdf-file]
  
  
• Sabine, C. L., and N. Gruber, Introduction to special section on North Pacific Carbon Cycle Variability and Climate Change, J. Geophys. Res., 111, C07S01, doi:10.1029/2006JC003532, 2006.
  [pdf file]
  
  
  

2005

• Peylin, P., P. Bousquet, C. Le Quere, S. Sitch, P. Friedlingstein, G. McKinley, N. Gruber, P. Rayner, and P. Ciais, Multiple constraints on regional CO2 flux variations over land and oceans, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 19, GB1011, doi:10.1029/2003GB002214, 2005.
  [pdf-file]
  
  
• Johnson, G.C., J. L. Bullister and N. Gruber, Labrador Sea Water Property Variations in the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean, Geophyiscal Research Letters, 32, L07602, doi:10.1029/2005GL022404, 2005.
  [pdf-file]
  
  
• Lovenduski, N. S., and N. Gruber, The impact of the Southern Annular Mode on Southern Ocean circulation and biology, Geophyiscal Research Letters, 32, L11603, doi:10.1029/2005GL022727, 2005.
  [pdf file]
  
  
• Plattner, G.-K., N. Gruber, H. Frenzel, and J. C. McWilliams, Decoupling marine export production from new production, Geophyiscal Research Letters, 32, L11612, doi:10.1029/2005GL022660, 2005.
  [pdf file] [editor's choice by Science]
  
  
• Matsumoto, K. and N. Gruber, How accurate is the estimation of anthropogenic carbon in the ocean? An evaluation of the DC* method, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 19, GB3014, doi:10.1029/2004GB002397, 2005.
  [pdf file]
  
  
• Sabine, C.L, and N. Gruber, Response to Technical Comment by R. F. Keeling on "The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO₂", Science, 308, 1743d, 2005.
  [pdf file] [pdf file of comment by R. F. Keeling]
  
  
• Gruber, N., A bigger nitrogen fix, Nature, 436, 786-787, 2005.
  [pdf file]
  
  
• Orr, J. C., O. Aumont, L. Bopp, K. Caldeira, S. C. Doney, V. J. Fabry, R. M. Feely, M. Follows, A. Gnanadesikan, N. Gruber, A. Ishida, F. Joos, R. M. Key, K. Lindsay, E. Maier-Reimer, R. Matear, P. Monfray, A. Mouchet, R. G. Najjar, G.-K. Plattner, C. L. Sabine, J. L. Sarmiento, R. Schlitzer, R. D. Slater, I. Totterdell, M. Wickett, M.-F. Weirig, Y. Yamanaka, and A. Yool, Aragonite Undersaturation in the High-Latitude Surface Ocean within the 21st Century, Nature, 437, 681-686, 2005.
  [pdf file] [press release]
  
  
  

2004

• Sarmiento, J.L., N. Gruber, M. Brzezinski, and J. Dunne. High latitude controls of thermocline nutrients and low latitude biological productivity, Nature, 426, 56-60, 2004.
  [pdf-file] [News and Views]
  
  
• Gruber, N., P. Friedlingstein, C. B. Field, R. Valentini, M. Heimann, J. E. Richey, P. Romero-Lankao, D. Schulze, and C.-T.A. Chen, The vulnerability of the carbon cycle in the 21st century: An assessment of carbon-climate-human interactions, In: The Global Carbon Cycle: Integrating Humans, Climate, and the Natural World, Eds: C. B. Field and M. R. Raupach, Island Press, Washington, D.C., 45-76, 2004.
  [PDF-file] Link to Island Press
  
  
• Sabine, C.S., M. He mann, P. Artaxo, D . Bakker, C.-T.A Chen, C. B. Field, N. Gruber, C. LeQuere, R. G. Prinn, J. E. Richey, P. Romero-Lankao, J. Sathaye and R. Valentini, Current Status and Past Trends of the Carbon Cycle. In: The Global Carbon Cycle: Integrating Humans, Climate, and the Natural World, Eds: C. B. Field and M. R. Raupach, Island Press, Washington, D.C., 17-44, 2004.
  [Figures] [pdf-file not available]
  
  
• Matsumoto, K., J. L. Sarmiento, R. M. Key, J. L. Bullister, K. Caldeira, J.-M. Campin, S. C. Doney, H. Drange, J.-C. Dutay, M. Follows, Y. Gao, A. Gnanadesikan, N. Gruber, A. Ishida, F. Joos, K. Lindsay, E. Maier-Reimer, J. C. Marshall, R. J. Matear, P. Monfray, R. Najjar, G.-K. Plattner, R. Schlitzer, R. Slater, P. S. Swathi, I. J. Totterdell, M.-F. Weirig, Y. Yamanaka, A. Yool, J. C. Orr, Evaluation of ocean carbon cycle models with data-based metrics, Geophysical Research Letters, 31, L07303, doi:10.1029/2003GL018970, 2004.
  [pdf-file]
  
  
• Nezlin, N., J.J. Oram, P.M. DiGiacomo, and N. Gruber, Subseasonal to interannual variations of sea surface temperature, salinity, oxygen anomaly, and transmissivity in Santa Monica Bay, California from 1987 to 1997, Continental Shelf Research, 24, 1053-1082, 2004.
  [pdf-file]
  
  
• Sabine. C.S., R. A. Feely, N. Gruber, R. M. Key, K. Lee, J. L. Bullister, R. Wanninkhof, C. S. Wong, D. W. R. Wallace, B. Tillbrook, F. J. Millero, T.-H. Peng, A. Kozyr, T. Ono, and A. F. Rios, The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2, Science, 305, 367-371, 2004.
  [pdf-file] [Perspectives] [related article by Feely et al.]
  
  
• Doney, S.C., K. Lindsay, K. Caldeira, J.-M. Campin, H. Drange, J.-C. Dutay, M. Follows, Y. Gao, A. Gnanadesikan, N. Gruber, A. Ishida, F. Joos, G. Madec, E. Maier-Reimer, J. C. Marshall, R. J. Matear, P. Monfray, A. Mouchet, R. Najjar, J. C. Orr, G.-K. Plattner, J. L. Sarmiento, R. Schlitzer, R. Slater, I. J. Totterdell, M.-F.Weirig, Y. Yamanaka, and A. Yool, Evaluating global ocean carbon models: the importance of realistic physics, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18, GB3017, doi:10.1029/2003GB002150, 2004.
  [pdf file]
  
  
• Gruber, N., SCOPE 61: Interactions of the major biogeochemical cycles. Global change and human impacts. A review, Ecology, 85(9), 2641-2642, 2004.
  [pdf file of preprint]
  
  
• Gruber, N., The dynamics of the marine nitrogen cycle and its influence on atmospheric CO2, In: The ocean carbon cycle and climate, Eds, M. Follows and T. Oguz, NATO ASI Series, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 97-148, 2004.
  [pdf-file (preprint version)]
  
  
• Keeling, C. D., H. Brix, and N. Gruber, Seasonal and long-term dynamics of the upper ocean carbon cycle at station ALOHA near Hawaii, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 18, GB4006, doi:10.1029/2004GB002227, 2004.
  [pdf-file]
  
  
• Brix, H., N. Gruber and C. D. Keeling, Interannual variability in the upper ocean carbon cycle at Station ALOHA, Hawaii. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 18, GB4019, doi:10.1029/2004GB002245, 2004.
  [pdf-file]
  
  
• Gruber, N., SCOPE 61: Interactions of the major biogeochemical cycles. Global change and human impacts. A review, Ecology, 85(9), 2641-2642, 2004.
  [pdf-file of preprint]
  
  
  

2003

• Gloor, M., N. Gruber, J.L. Sarmiento, C.S. Sabine, R.A. Feely, and C. Rödenbeck, A first estimate of present and pre-industrial air-sea CO2 flux patterns based on ocean interior carbon measurements and models, Geophysical Research Letters,30(1), doi:10.1029/2002GL015594, 2003.
  [pdf-file]
  
  
• Jin, X., and N. Gruber, Offsetting the radiative benefit of ocean iron fertilization by enhancing N2O emissions, Geophysical Research Letters, 30(24), 2249, doi:10.1029/2003GL018458, 2003.
  [pdf-file]
  
  
  

2002


• Gruber, N., and J. L. Sarmiento, Biogeochemical/Physical Interactions in Elemental Cycles, in THE SEA: Biological-Physical Interactions in the Oceans , edited by A. R. Robinson, J. J. McCarthy, and B. J. Rothschild, John Wiley and Sons, Volume 12, 337-399, 2002.
  [pdf-file] (LARGE 10MB)] Copyrighted by John Wiley &Sons
  
  
• Gnanadesikan, A., R. D. Slater, N. Gruber, and J.L. Sarmiento. Oceanic vertical exchange and new production: A comparison between models and observations. Deep-Sea Research II, 49, 363-401, 2002.
  [pdf-file]
  
  
• Dutay,J.-Cl., J. Bullister, S. Doney, J. C. Orr, R. G. Najjar, K. Caldeira, J.-M Campin, H. Drange, M. Follows, Y. Gao, N. Gruber, M. W. Hecht, A. Ishida, F. Joos, K. Lindsay, G. Madec, E. Maier-Reimer, J.C. Marshall, R.J. Matear, P. Monfray, A. Mouchet, G.-K. Plattner, J.L. Sarmiento, R. Schlitzer, R. Slater, I.J. Totterdell, M.-F. Weirig, Y. Yamanaka, A. Yool, Evaluation of ocean model ventilation with CFC-11: Comparison of 13 global ocean models, Ocean Modeling, 4, 89-120.
  [pdf-file] (5.7 MB)
  
  
• Brzezinaki, M.A. C.J. Pride, V.M. Franck, D.M.Sigman, J.L. Sarmiento, K. Matsumoto, N. Gruber, G.H. Rau, K.H. Coale, A switch from Si(OH)4 to NO3 depletion in the glacial Southern Ocean, Geophysical Research Letters, 29(12), 10.1029/2001GL014349, 2002.
  [pdf-file]
  
  
• J.L. Sarmiento and N. Gruber. Sinks for anthropogenic carbon, Physics Today, 55(8), 30-36, 2002.
  [Figures] [pdf-file] see full issue of Physics Today at www.physicstoday.org
  
  
• Bates, N., A. C. Pequignet, R. J. Johnson and N. Gruber, A Variable Sink for Atmospheric CO2 in Subtropical Mode Water of the North Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 420, 489-493, 2002.
  [pdf-file]
  
  
• Gruber, N., N.Bates, and C.D. Keeling, Interannual variability in the North Atlantic Ocean carbon sink,Science, 298, 2374-2378, 2002
  [pdf-file] (link to Science) [supporting material]
  
  
  

2001


• Gruber, N., and C. D. Keeling, An improved estimate of the isotopic air-sea disequilibrium of CO2: Implications for the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2,Geophysical Research Letters, 28(3), 555-558, 2001.
  [PDF-Version]
  
  
• Orr, J., J.L. Sarmiento, P. Monfray, E. Maier-Reimer, J. Palmer, N. K. Taylor, N. Dufourg, C. LeQuere, N. Gruber, C. Sabine and R. M. Key. Anthropogenic CO2 in the ocean: Predictions from four 3-D global ocean carbon-cycle models, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 15(1), 43-60, 2001.
  [PDF-Version]
  
  
• Coatanoan, C, C. Goyet, N. Gruber, C.L. Sabine, and M. Warner, Comparison of two approaches to quantify anthropogenic CO2 in the ocean: Results from the northern Indian Ocean. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 15(1), 11-25, 2001.
  [PDF-Version (3.1 MB)]
  
  
• Deutsch, C, N. Gruber, R. M. Key, J.L. Sarmiento and A. Ganachaud, Denitrification and N2 fixation in the Pacific Ocean, Global Biogeochemical Cycles,15(2),483-506, 2001.
  [PDF-Version (5.6 MB)]
  
  
• Gloor, M, N. Gruber, T.M.C. Hughes, and J.L. Sarmiento. An inverse modeling method for estimation of net air-sea fluxes from bulk data: Methodology and application to the heat cycle,Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 15(4),767-782, 2001.
  [PDF-Version]
  
  
• Gruber, N., M. Gloor, S.-M. Fan, and J. L. Sarmiento. Air-sea flux of oxygen estimated from bulk data: Implications for the marine and atmospheric oxygen cycle,Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 15(4), 783-803, 2001.
  (PDF-Version)
  
  
  

2000


• Falkowski, P., R. J. Scholes, E. Boyle, J. Canadell, D. Canfield, J. Elser, , N. Gruber, K. Hibbard, P. Hoegberg, S. Linder, F.T. Mackenzie, B. Moore III, T. Pedersen, Y. Rosenthal, S. Seitzinger, V. Smetacek and W. Steffen. The global carbon cycle: A test of our knowledge of earth as a system. Science, 290, 291-296, 2000.
  [PDF-Version]
  
  
• Gruber, N., B. Wehrli and A. Wüest, The role of biogeochemical cycling for the formation and preservation of varved sediments in Soppensee. Journal of Paleolimnology, 24(3), 277-291, 2000.
  [PDF-Version]
  
  
• Gruber, N, K. Keller, and R. M. Key. What story is told by oceanic tracer concentrations? Science, 290, 455-456, 2000.
  
  
  

1999


• Gruber, N. and C.D. Keeling. Seasonal carbon cycling in the Sargasso Sea near Bermuda.
  Scripps Institution of Oceanography Bulletin, 30, Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley, 98pp. 1999.
  
  
• Gruber, N., C.D. Keeling, R. B. Bacastow, P. R. Guenther, T. J. Lueker, M. Wahlen, H. A. J. Meijer, W. G. Mook and T.F. Stocker, Spatiotemporal patterns of carbon-13 in the global surface oceans and the oceanic Suess effect.Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 13, 307-335, 1999.
  (PDF-Version of text) (PDF-Version of figures)
  
  
• Broecker, W.S., J. Lynch-Stieglitz, D. Archer, M. Hofmann, E. Maier-Reimer, O. Marchal, T. Stocker, and N. Gruber, How strong is the Harvardton-Bear constraint?Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 13, 817-820, 1999.
  [PDF-Version (1.0MB)]
  
  

1998


• Gruber, N., Anthropogenic CO2 in the Atlantic Ocean.Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 12, 165-191. 1998.
  (PDF-Version of text) (PDF-Version of figures)
  
  
• Gruber, N., C.D. Keeling and T.F. Stocker, Carbon-13 constraints on the seasonal inorganic carbon cycle at the BATS site in the nortwestern Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Research I, 45, 673-717. 1998.
  [PDF-Version]
  
  
  

1997


• Gruber, N. and J.L. Sarmiento, Global patterns of marine nitrogen fixation and denitrification. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 11, 235-266, 1997.
  (PDF-Version of text) (PDF-Version of figures)
  
  

1996


• Gruber, N., J.L. Sarmiento and T.F. Stocker, An improved method for detecting anthropogenic CO₂ in the oceans. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 10, 809-837, 1996.
  (PDF-Version of text) (PDF-Version of figures)
  
  

Not reviewed:

• Najjar, R., N. Gruber, and J. Orr, Predicting the Ocean's Response to Rising CO2: The Ocean Carbon Cycle Model Intercomparison Project, U.S. JGOFS News, 11(1),1-4, 2001.
  
  
• Gruber, N., and C.D. Keeling, The isotopic air-sea disequilibrium and the oceanic uptake of CO2, Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium CO2 in the oceans , NIS, Tsukuba, Japan, CGER-I037, 245-250, 1999.
  
  
• Gruber, N. Aspects of the Marine Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles and their perturbation by mankind: Combining Observations and Models. Ph. D. thesis. Phys. Inst., Univ. Bern, Bern, Switzerland, 1997.
  
  
• Gruber, N., T.F. Stocker, C.D. Keeling, J.L. Sarmiento and R.J. Murnane, The distribution of natural and anthropogenic CO₂ and d¹³C in the Atlantic Ocean: Combining Observations and Results from the Princeton 3D OGCM Biogeochemistry Model, Caribbean Journal of Science, 32 (3), 287-288, extended abstract, 1996